Last, we send an empty line that indicates the headers are over and the body will follow. As you may have noticed, the line breaks are not simple n linefeed characters, but are r n (the carriage return character followed by the linefeed character). Additional headers are optional, and can be used to indicate things such as what we are sending in the body (HTML, JSON, XML, or even a video or audio file), whether the body will be compressed, and other information. After the status code, we send a single header, indicating to the browser how many bytes there will be in the body we are about to send. For a complete list, refer to a reference online such as Wikipedia or httpstatus.es. There are many other status codes, including redirection to a different location (301 and 302), no item at that address (404), or even an error on the server (500).

Finally, we map the sorted hashes of contributor information into just their login (or username) and print them as a commaseparated list. (Every attribute is printed by pp, but we’ve elided some of them here to save space.) Next, we reverse-sort the list by the number of contributions so that the hashes are ordered from most commits to least commits. Then, we use pp, the “prettyprint” library, to print the hash of attributes for the first contributor. (Many contributors who lack GitHub accounts are not included in this list.) Parsing the JSON gives us an array of hashes, with each hash containing information about one particular contributor, with keys including login, id, url, and contributions, among others. Using open-uri, we download a string that contains a JSON array of the GitHub accounts of contributors to the main Ruby interpreter. This is explained in greater detail in Chapter 18, “Network Programming” for now, just be aware that it enables us to use the open method on a URI much as if it were a simple file. T o illustrate this, we’ll use some JSON data provided by the GitHub public API: In the preceding code, we are using the open-uri library for convenience.

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